Scientists at the University of Maryland School of Dentistry have been utilizing nanotechnology to improve the materials used for dental fillings. The idea is to create an anti-bacterial agent that will neutralize any remaining harmful bacteria hidden in cavities. Let’s take a closer look at the science behind future fillings that might be able to kill bacteria and re-mineralize teeth, all while blending in with the rest of your smile.
The Dangers of Residual Bacteria in Cavities
When a dentist prepares a tooth for a filling, some residual bacteria usually remains. Removing every bit of damaged tissue is not possible, so neutralizing the harmful effects of the bacteria that remain could be revolutionary in dentistry. Dr. Huakun Xu, director of the Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering in the School’s Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics, and Operative Dentistry, notes that the acid produced by Streptococcus mutans (the bacteria that cause tooth decay) decreases the minerals in a tooth’s structure. The nanocomposites are being designed to kill bacteria and re-mineralize teeth.
Antibacterial and Remineralization Agents Infused Into Fillings
The researchers are using biofilms from the saliva of volunteers for laboratory tests of the nanocomposites. Antibacterial agents are being put into both primers and adhesives, since those are the first materials that touch the tooth’s surfaces when a filling is given. Dr. Xu notes that when dental restorations fail, it is almost always because of secondary decay. The new nanocomposite technology could possibly put a stop to such issues, and even leave teeth stronger than ever, thanks to the re-growth of minerals. Dr. Engelberg currently uses three extra materials for fillings which most dentists don’t, but which have been proven to eradicate bacteria and inhibit future growth.
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